Introduction Taj Mahal:
The Taj Mahal is a white Marble mausoleum located in Agra,
India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife,
Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as the jewel of Muslim art in
India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
Taj Mahal is the finest example of Mughal architecture, a
style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish and Indian architectural
styles.
In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the
Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction
began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of
artisans and craftsmen. The construction
of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial
supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad
Lahauri. Lahauri is generally considered
to be the principal designer.
History:
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Soon after the Taj Mahal's completion, Shah Jahan was
deposed by his son Aurangzeb and put under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort.
Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his
wife.
By the late 19th century, parts of the buildings had fallen
badly into disrepair. During the time of the Indian rebellion of 1857, the Taj
Mahal was defaced by British soldiers and government officials, who chiselled
out precious stones and lapis lazuli from its walls. At the end of the 19th
century, British viceroy Lord Curzon ordered a sweeping restoration project,
which was completed in 1908. He also commissioned the large lamp in the
interior chamber, modelled after one in a Cairo mosque. During this time the
garden was remodelled with British-style lawns that are still in place today.
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